![]() The GWP is reduced by 2.3 ton CO2equivalent when bioenergy substitutes fuel oil and 1.7 ton CO2equivalent when it substitutes natural gas. Along the product supply chain, chipping contributes the greatest share of GWP and energy use, while extraction by yarder has the highest financial costs. Results show that the overall GWP and costs are about 13kg CO2equivalent and 42 euro per functional unit respectively for the innovative system. The relative sustainability of traditional and innovative systems is compared and energy use is estimated. ![]() The functional unit is 1m3 solid over bark of woody biomass, delivered to the district heating plant in Cavalese (Trento). The system boundary is the alpine forest fuel system, from logging operations at the forest stand to combustion of woody biofuels at the heating plant. The case study is performed in Valle di Fiemme in Trentino region (North Italy) and includes theoretical and practical elements. We investigate a whole tree system (innovative logging system) where the harvest of logging residues is integrated into the harvest of conventional wood products. Three main aspects of sustainability are assessed: greenhouse gas emissions, represented by global warming potential (GWP) impact category, costs and direct employment potential. An extended Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is performed for evaluating the impacts of a woody biomass supply chain for heating plants in the alpine region.
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